The lifetime value formula
LTV : CAC = LTV ÷ cost to acquire a customer
Payback (months) = CAC ÷ (monthly profit per customer)
Worked example
A takeaway's average order is £45, a regular customer orders four times a year and sticks around for two and a half years. At a 40% margin, each customer is worth £180 in profit over their lifetime. If Meta ads bring in new customers at £35 each, LTV to CAC is 5.1:1 and the customer pays back in about six months. The first order only makes £18 profit, so judged on first-order ROAS the campaign looks weak. Judged on lifetime value it is one of the best things the business can spend money on.
Using it to set ad targets
Divide LTV by three for a conservative maximum CAC and give that to whoever runs your ads as the cost per new customer target. Then make sure the platforms can tell new customers from returning ones, which is a tracking job, not a bidding one.